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Combinatorics guides

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The Pigeonhole Principle: Your First Move on Most Olympiad Problems

The Pigeonhole Principle: Your First Move on Most Olympiad Problems

If n+1 pigeons sleep in n holes, one hole is crowded — and that single sentence wins a shocking number of olympiad problems. Here is how to spot the pigeons hidden inside a statement.

CombinatoricsFoundation7 min read
Invariants and Monovariants: Proving That Something Is Impossible

Invariants and Monovariants: Proving That Something Is Impossible

When a problem asks whether a configuration can ever be reached, stop simulating and start looking for a quantity that never changes — or always changes the same way.

CombinatoricsAdvanced10 min read